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The Architectural Integration of Car Parks
The modern car park provides the transition from
personal to public transport. These transport hubs link
car use to anything from pedestrian
thoroughfares to flying. Inner city dwelling is also
a growing factor in the need
to park cars more efficiently. “Galvanize” case
studies in this issue highlight the architectural achievements evolving from upgrading strictly utility structures to
unobtrusive and functional civic buildings.
Federation Square Car Park and
Rail & Pedestrian
Bridge
 Concept: Federation Square is a world-class architectural
celebration of many things, including the innovative use
of galvanized steel, which is complemented in this latest
city development.
The access facilities
from the southern Yarra River, parklands and city sports
domain have now conjoined the city,
the Square and the riverbanks. This is achieved by innovative
steel design capturing a city vision of
these Melbourne features so long
obscured from view. Other suburbs are also provided for
by the on-site Flinders Street Railway
Station and the new multi-story car park.
 The car park takes up the levels
between the river and Federation Square ground floor,
while pedestrian bridges and walkways
cater for the many people who enter the facility or the
city from the south. The car park accommodates
500 vehicles and allows access from Federation Square,
Flinders, Russell or Exhibition Streets.
The
600 tonnes of steel in the car park is heavy duty galvanized
as are much of the access ways and water front structural
features.
Design: The design and
construct package for the entire car park was ably carried
out by Alfasi Projects and Services
to achieve a series of important considerations including
harmony with the surroundings and availability
of the inviting riverbank parkland aspect. The low profile
building concept achieves this outcome where,
in addition, the open span galvanized steel structure
provides both the extra security of clear sight lines and
a soft merging of the transport activities and the treed
river side.
Of importance were
the factors of low maintenance, hard wearing, light and
reflective surfaces where the perforated
metal side panels create virtual transparency through
the structure. This makes a valuable contribution
to personal and vehicular security as well as ease of
access and lack of obstruction during entry or
egress.
The innovative structural
and landscaping links, created by this community facility,
have turned one of the world’s
busiest traffic interchanges into a most attractive city
precinct.
Ayala Avenue, Makati City,
Manila, Philippines
 This car park structure is situated in Makati, the main
commercial center of metropolitan Manila.
The development was in response
to the urgent need for additional car parking in Makati
due to the rapid increase
of commercial offices and shopping malls in the district.
Accompanying shopping and residential
apartment complexes created a modern and prestigious
neighborhood into
which this highly visible car park structure has been
tastefully located.
The need to build within a minimum
site area in an already well developed location, while
allowing fast track
schedules, led to design of a bolted steel structure
capable of minimum erection time.
This car park seems to epitomize
the design achievements of traffic interchanges in Asia,
where elevated roads
mounted on galvanized steel columns play a major role
in easing traffic congestion.
In particular the car park’s
7 meter beam lengths and 3.5 meter vertical column height,
create extra headroom,
light
and ventilation and a valuable 5000 square meters of
floor space in this heavily built up area.
This design also offers the capacity to add to or dismantle
and relocate the structure.
For this purpose galvanized
steel offered unique suitability both from the standpoints
of long service life and its
metallic alloy abrasion resistance during steel handling.
In summary, steel design provides
not only efficiency in maximizing space, light and security
but offers advantages
in time and cost during construction and future planning.
The final architectural appearance achieves fine harmony
with its community surroundings.
 Details:
Location: 6748 Ayala Avenue, Makati City
Capacity: 434 cars
Supplier/Contractor: JFE Civil Engineering & Construction
Corporation (Japan) / RIOFIL Corporation (Philippines)
Construction: 1998
United Parking Car Park,
Melbourne Airport
 This car park project was awarded to Pritchard (Builders)
Pty Ltd to design and construct accommodation
for 1000 vehicles, required by Nic Saraceno of United
Parking Pty Ltd to provide a quality
service for patrons of the nearby Tullamarine Airport.
This
facility is located 3kms from the main departure terminal
on the corner of Melrose Drive
and Trade Park Drive and is serviced with an “on
demand” courtesy bus service to
transfer patrons to and from the terminal. It provides
a specialist
valet airport link for business
travellers whose time efficiency is often of critical
importance. Four levels of cost
saving parking is available which requires a minimum
diversion
on the part of patrons leaving
or returning to the airport. Facilities include self
parking, full security, TV lounge and
a business service center with some unique services
such
as wide space parking lots and
Mercedes coaches to the airport.
The galvanized
steel framed building is light and spacious and makes
good use of the wide open span
structure. The design brief prepared by Stephen Dean,
Pritchard’s Business Development
Manager, was implemented by United’s
Development Manager, Robert Whitwell.
The successful delivery was ensured by Pritchard’s
Project Manager Hok Tan.
Stephen
Dean’s D & C experience and commercial
awareness encouraged a review and
market assessment of the three typical construction
systems
- Structural steel and composite concrete deck
- Post tensioned insitu concrete structure
- Precast hollow core system
The decision to adopt a composite steel construction
was supported by several key issues
principally time and cost benefits coming to the fore,
ensuring the
full delivery including all design,
permits and construction for less than the $10 million
anticipated projected cost. Once
the construction method was agreed, detail design was
explored into a variety of cost
benefits between 3 and 4 car park bays, applied finish
versus
hot dip galvanizing and external
façade systems.
The final
outcome was a 3 car park grid comprising hot dip galvanized
primary and secondary beams with
Stramit™ Conndeck structural
composite formwork system and
prefinished perforated façade screens to the exposed
elevations.
The use of hot dip
galvanizing was adopted on the support and recommendation
of Trojan Specialised Steel
Structures, with support from Engineering Group, Gillion
Consulting
in Hughesdale.
The facility, constructed
over four levels, comprises floor plates of 5000
square meters and provides for an additional
level to be constructed at a future date. The joint
cooperative approach involving fabricator, engineer
and the entire
project
team guaranteed the success
and realistically saved eight weeks of time in the
overall
delivery program.
The project
comprised 700 tonnes of 300 plus grade structural
steel
supplied by Smorgon Steel,
cut to length and predrilled prior to transfer to
Smith Welds for precambering and galvanizing.
The other significant design application was the
2.48m
clear height
requirement to enable the courtesy bus full access
to each level for both drop off and pick
up of travellers.
Galvanizing thickness on hollow
sections and open profiles
Since the introduction of thin in-line zinc galvanized
hollow and open profiles, there has been confusion
among designers concerning what zinc thickness
is being offered. This can lead to incorrect choice,
and subsequent failure.
In
1999 the Australian specification for all hot dipped
galvanizing AS1650 was deleted and replaced with several
specifications covering the various grades
and types of galvanizing now available.
The
product which has been known for many years as “general
galvanizing”, “after fabrication galvanizing”,
or “batch galvanizing” is now covered separately
in AS/NZS 4680:1999, and is the only product which
offers the maximum corrosion protection and abrasion
resistance.
This new primary
Standard reflects the International Standard ISO 1461
which is to apply throughout the
industrial world.
The bar
chart below details the readily available hollow and
open profiles which have zinc coatings of various
thicknesses. As can be seen from the bar
chart the thickness of the zinc coatings varies a great
deal and can go down to as low as 7 µm.
In
this context it is important to note that service life
is proportional to galvanizing thickness in any
given environment.
If you have any questions regarding the chart please
do not hesitate to contact the GAA.
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